This is a tandem talk between Joana Torres and Stefanos Bonovas on clinical practice guidelines' potential benefits and harms.

Educational objectives

Understand how to assess safety of a drug in real life practice

Understand the differences between small molecules and biologics

Understand how IBD drugs can be classified according to their safety profile

Understand how to improve IBD drug safety

Summary

Biologics differ from small molecules by many aspects, among which the chemistry, their degradation and their mechanism of action. These aspects may directly influence safety. Safety of a drug is itself difficult to quantify and qualify. The safety profile depends on the available data, strongly depending also on the time of apparition of the drug on the market and its widespread use. Most of the comparative data on safety generated through network meta-analyses or head to head trials correspond to relatively short duration of use of the drug and relatively small population compared to what would be needed to really assess safety. Therefore no or only minor differences are disclosed by these studies. If we adopt a pragmatic classification of side effects, we could classify them into mild-moderate intolerance, cumulative toxicity, major side effects that can be prevented or treated, major side effects that can hardly be prevented or treated, serious adverse events potentially lethal. When analysing the safety profiles of currently available drugs according to such classification, we find both small molecules and biologics with all these kinds of side effects. Therefore, if we can currently consider that some drugs are associated with lower or higher safety concerns, there is no difference between biologics and small molecules, the mechanism of action being sometimes closer between one small molecule and one biologic than between two biologics. Instead of safer drug or beside safer drug, we should maybe mainly aim at a safer use of these drugs.

Educational objectives
1) To understand the limitation of current endoscopic scoring systems and why artificial intelligence may help 
2) To understand the basic principles of developing artificial intelligence with its potential and limitations
3) To understand how artificial intelligence may influence patient management in the future

Educational objectives:
1/ To understand the limitation of human interpretation of endoscopic images
2/ To review the rational and goals for implementing artificial intellegence in image processing
3/ To understand the different types of artificial intelligence applications in image processing
4/ To have an overview of the future potential application of artificial intelligence in IBD endoscopy

This talk discusses the importance of sex and body image in relation to IBD and surgery. We will consider how disease and surgery affect all aspects of sex, and crucially we will examine how conversations about sex should be managed.

Educational Objectives:
1. To understand how IBD can affect patients' body image and sexual pleasure

2. To consider how clinicians feel about discussing sex and address our own anxieties

3. To develop techniques and confidence in discussing sex in clinical consultations

4. To appreciate when sex should be discussed, particularly around surgery

To discuss the possibilities for achieving a 'cure' from surgical intervention in both Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

To discuss the definition of a 'cure' in this context 

Crohns:
To explore which patients with Crohn's disease may be at low risk of recurrence post-surgery and who may achieve a cure in the medium or long-term

To refine the role of withdrawing post-operative medical therapy in Crohn's to achieve disease- and medication-free survival

To explore emerging evidence and novel biomarkers to help stratify patients who may achieve excellent post-surgery results

Ulcerative Colitis:
To discuss the emerging potential for appendicectomy to treat/cure UC

To explore resectional and reconstructive options in UC and discuss whether these offer a 'cure' for patients 

IBD cannot be cured with the currently available forms of medical therapy. However, therapeutic options can be significantly improved using an artificial intelligence-based approach that takes into consideration and integrates all omics components of the disease.

•To review the available evidence on pre-clinical studies
•To propose a common terminology for the preclinical period of disease
•To discuss important research question on the field

1. First line therapy/Monitoring
2. stratify the target
3. Anti-TNF LOR
4. TDM

1. To understand the role of prognostic factors in treatment decisions CD
2. To review treatment strategies in CD
3. To describe future vision of markers to guide treatment decisions

•Over the last decades we have become better in assessing treament effect by using more stringent and objective endpoints
•Nonetheless we are stuck with remission rates not over 40 %
•Head-to-head, combination trials and strategy trials are extremely important for the future
•Treat-to-target and early intervention trials have had major impact

Objectives:

1. To conceptualize the chronic management of complex IBD
2. To develop a multi-phased approach to combination therapy in IBD
3. To consider future strategies of management

Summary:

The limitations of current treatments for IBD demand new approaches to management, including novel combinations of therapies. Combination approaches should consider multiple mechanisms, sequencing and de-escalation options. Clinical trials of novel approaches require creative and precision medicine-based strategies to demonstrate efficacy and safety as well as potential cost effectiveness.

Educational objectives: 
1. To understand how risks in clinical trials are defined.
2. To review the way how the risk of clinical trials is communicated by the HCP to the patient and the shortcommings.
3. To understand the factors that influence the perception by the patient of the communicated risk.
4. To have insight in tips and tricks for an optimal communication of risk in a clinical trial setting.

1. To review current approaches to dietary therapy in adult patients with IBD
2. To discuss the use of dietary therapy to modify IBD 
3. To emphasize the role of the dietitian in the multidisciplinary team
 

1. To understand the basics of CEUS and elastography
2. To review the currently available literature on CEUS and elastography in IBD
3. To identify future directions of research

Current knowledge: What is the problem with FMT therapy?
Complexity of multifactorial diseases complicate simple treatment

1. To consider the factors that affect standards in IBD pathology
2. To explore the availability and content of IBD pathology guidelines and datasets

The lecture outlines some of the factors that influence standards and considers approaches to the improvement of IBD pathology reporting quailty.