¹Peking University People's Hopital, Gastroenterology, Beijing, China, ²Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China

¹University of Liverpool, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Liverpool, UK, ²Maastricht University, Internal Medicine, section of Gastroenterology, Maastricht, The Netherlands, ³University of Glasgow, Infrastructure and Environment, Glasgow, UK, ⁴University of Liverpool, Functional and Comparative Genomics, Liverpool, UK, ⁵Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK

¹Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK, ²Imperial College London, Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, London, UK

¹Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Digestive Disease Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain, ²Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago De Compostela, Spain, ³Hospital Universitari La Fe, Valencia, Spain, ⁴Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain, ⁵Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain, ⁶Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’ Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, ⁷Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

¹Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation, ²Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation, ³Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation, ⁴Federal Research Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation, ⁵Republican Clinical Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Kazan, Russian Federation, ⁶Central State Medical Academy, Moscow, Russian Federation

¹Juntendo University School of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Tokyo, Japan, ²Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Gastroenterology, Chiba, Japan

¹Juntendo University, Gastroenterology, Tokyo, Japan, ²Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan

Mimetas BV, Leiden, The Netherlands

Peking University First Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing, China

¹Akershus University Hospital, Akershus, Norway, ²Genetic Analysis, 0510 Oslo, Norway, ³Orebro University, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Healthy, Orebro, Sweden, ⁴Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, ⁵University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway

¹Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation, ²Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation, ³Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation, ⁴Federal Research Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation, ⁵Republican Clinical Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Kazan, Russian Federation

¹Akershus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Lørenskog, Norway, ²University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, ³Akershus University Hospital, Health Services Research Unit, Lørenskog, Norway, ⁴Akershus University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Lørenskog, Norway

¹Shiga University of Medical Science, Gastroenterology, Otsu, Japan, ²Kyoto Prefectural University, Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto, Japan, ³Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto, Japan

¹Akershus University Hospital, Akershus, Norway, ²Genetic Analysis, 0510 Oslo, Norway, ³Orebro University, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Healthy, Orebro, Sweden, ⁴Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, ⁵University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway

¹Kobe University, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan, ²Kobe University, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe, Japan, ³RIKEN Center, Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan, ⁴Kobe University, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe, Japan, ⁵Kobe University, Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe, Japan

¹Hannover Medical School, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany, ²German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany, ³Hannover Medical School, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany, ⁴Tübingen University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Tübingen, Germany, ⁵German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany, ⁶Tübingen University Hospital, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Tübingen, Germany, ⁷Technische Universität München, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Munich, Germany, ⁸German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany, ⁹University Hospital of Cologne, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany, ¹⁰German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Cologne, Germany, ¹¹University of Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany, ¹²University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Lübeck, Germany, ¹³German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck, Germany, ¹⁴Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Munich, Germany

¹Icahn School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, USA, ²Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Gastroenterology Division, Loures, Portugal, ³Icahn School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, USA

St. Luke's International Hospital, Gastroenterology, Tokyo, Japan

¹Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, USA, ²Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, New York, USA, ³Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York, USA, ⁴Calpro AS, Lysaker, Norway, ⁵Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York, USA, ⁶Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Gastroenterology Division, Loures, USA

¹Evangelismos Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Athens, Greece, ²Evangelismos Hospital, Microbiology Department, Athens, Greece, ³Venizeleio General Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Heraklion, Greece, ⁴Venizeleio General Hospital, Microbiology Department, Heraklion, Greece, ⁵University Hospital Heraklion, Gastroenterology Department, Heraklion, Greece, ⁶University Hospital Heraklion, Microbiology Department, Heraklion, Greece, ⁷Nikaia General Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Athens, Greece, ⁸Nikaia General Hospital, Microbiology Department, Athens, Greece, ⁹University Hospital of Patras, Gastroenterology Department, Patras, Greece, ¹⁰University Hospital of Patras, Microbiology Department, Patras, Greece, ¹¹Alexandra General Hospital, Gastroenterology Department, Athens, Greece, ¹²Alexandra General Hospital, Microbiology Department, Athens, Greece