¹University Hospital Zurich, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland, ²University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ³Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Rehovot, Israel, ⁴University of Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁵Hadassah University Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jerusalem, Israel

¹University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ²KU Leuven, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium, ³KU Leuven, Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium, ⁴KU Leuven, Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium

¹Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, ²Jiangsu Clinical Medical Center of Digestive Disease, Nanjing, China, ³Fudan University, Nanjing, China, ⁴Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China, ⁵Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China, ⁶Fudan University, Shanghai, China

¹University of Oxford, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK, ²Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany, ³University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford, UK

¹University of Birmingham, Centre for Liver Research and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham, Liver Biomedical Research Unit (BRU), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham, UK, ²University of Birmingham, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK, ³University Hospital Birmingham, Department of Gastroenterology, Birmingham, UK, ⁴University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, UK, ⁵University of Birmingham, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, Birmingham, UK, ⁶University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham, UK

¹Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Gastroenterology, Nanjing, China, ²Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Endocrinology, Nanjing, China

¹University of Milan, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Milan, Italy, ²ASST Fatebenefratelli - Sacco, Department of Pathology, Milan, Italy, ³ASST Fatebenefratelli - Sacco, Department of Surgery, IBD unit, Milan, Italy, ⁴University of Pavia, Department of Medicine I, Pavia, Italy, ⁵ICS Maugeri S.p.A. SB, Department of Surgery, Pavia, Italy

¹University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ²KU Leuven, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium, ³KU Leuven, Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium

¹Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Tel Hashomer, Israel, ²Sheba Medical Center, Hematology lab, Ramat Gan, Israel

¹Academic Medical Center (AMC), Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ²Academic Medical Center (AMC), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ³Academic Medical Center (AMC), Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

¹KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium, ²University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium

¹University Hospital Zürich, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zürich, Switzerland, ²ETH Zurich, Department for Food and Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland

¹Yeungnam University, College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsan, South Korea, ²Hanyang University, College of Pharmacy, Ansan, South Korea

¹National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, ²Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, ³Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, USA Minor Outlying Islands, ⁴Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

¹Lille University North of France; INSERM U995, Lille, France; CHRU Lille, Department of Surgery, Claude Huriez Hospital, Lille, France, Lille, France, ²Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France, ³Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France

¹Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA, ²Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, USA

¹University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Madison, USA, ²Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, USA, ³Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, USA

¹KU Leuven, Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium, ²University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ³KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Leuven, Belgium

¹Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR_S1138, Paris, France, ²Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,, INSERM ERL 1157, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, École normale supérieure, DHU I2B, Paris, France, ³Sorbonne Universités, AP-HP, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France, ⁴École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, Paris, France, ⁵EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France