¹Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Department of Biomedicine, Porto, Portugal, ²I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, ³Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, E.P.E., Department of General Surgery, Viseu, Portugal, ⁴Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Department of Biomedicine, Porto, Portugal, ⁵Centro Hospitalar São João, E.P.E., Department of Gastroenterology, Porto, Portugal

¹Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark, ²University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense, Denmark

¹Redx Pharma, Alderley Park, UK, ²Ghent University, Gastroenterology, Ghent, Belgium, ³Amakem Therapeutics, Diepenbeek, Belgium, ⁴Inflammation Research Centre, VIB, Ghent, Belgium, ⁵Ghent University, Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent, Belgium, ⁶Ghent Q1 University, Pathology, Ghent, Belgium

¹Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Gastroenterology Unit, Madrid, Spain, ²Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain, ³Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain, ⁴Hospital Universitario Mutua Terrassa, Gastroenterology Unit, Tarrasa, Spain, ⁵Fundació Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Tarrasa, Spain, ⁶Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India

¹University of Nottingham, School of Life Sciences, Nottingham, UK, ²Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK, ³Birmingham Children's Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK, ⁴University of Exeter, Sports and Health Sciences, Exeter, UK, ⁵NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK

¹Yonsei University College of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, ²Yonsei University College of Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Seoul, South Korea

First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing, China

¹St.Vincent's University Hospital, Gastroenterology, Dublin, Ireland, ²University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland, ³St.Vincent's University Hospital, Center for Colorectal Disease, Dublin, Ireland, ⁴St Vincent's University Hospital, Centre for Colorectal Disease, Dublin, Ireland

Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain

¹Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon-si, South Korea, ²Kangwon National University, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea

¹Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Gastroenterological Area, Gastroenterological and Endocrino-Metabolical Sciences Department, ROME, Italy, ²Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Department of Pathology, Rome, Italy

¹All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, New Delhi, India, ²All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ophthalmology, New Delhi, India, ³All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology, New Delhi, India, ⁴International centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India, ⁵Translational Health Sciences and Technology Institute, Immunology, Faridabad, India

¹University of Glasgow, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK, ²University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, ³Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Gastroenterology Unit, Glasgow, UK, ⁴Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, ⁵Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

¹Kansai Medical University, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Hirakata, Japan, ²Kansai Medical University, Gastroenterology and hepatology, Hirakata, Japan

¹PMI R&D; Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchatel, Switzerland, ²PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore

Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea