¹University of Oxford, WIMM, Oxford, UK, ²King’s College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing- Midwifery and Palliative Care, London, UK

Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Gastroenterology, Exeter, UK

Salamanca Hospital, Digestive system, Salamanca, Spain

King’s College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing- Midwifery & Palliative Care, London, UK

¹King’s College London, Adult Nursing, London, UK, ²Gastroenterology, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, UK

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY, USA, ²Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona- IDIBAPS- CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain, ³Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands, ⁴Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany, ⁵Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, ⁶Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Nancy - Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre, France, ⁷Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, ⁸Department of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano- Milan, Italy, ⁹Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium, ¹⁰Department of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy, ¹¹Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ¹²Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ¹³Department of Clinical Studies, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA, ¹⁴Department of Pharmacovigillance, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA, ¹⁵Department of Statistics, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA, ¹⁶Department of Gastroenterology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA, ¹⁷Department of Immunology, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany, ¹⁸Department of Immunology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA, ¹⁹Department of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

¹Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Lille University Hospital and Lille University, Lille, France, ²Epidemiology and Public Health, Lille University Hospital and Lille University, Lille, France, ³Paediatric Unit, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France, ⁴Paediatric Unit, Havre Hospital, Havre, France, ⁵Paediatric Unit, Saint Vincent Hospital, Lille, France, ⁶Gastroenterology Unit, Lille University Hospital and Lille University, Lille, France, ⁷Gastroenterology Unit, Rouen University Hospital and Rouen University, Rouen, France, ⁸Gastroenterology Unit, Amiens University Hospital and Amiens University, Amiens, France

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC- location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ²Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC- location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ³Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

¹Department of Gastroenterology, APHP Saint Louis, Paris, France, ²Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France, ³REMIND, Group, Paris, France, ⁴Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France, ⁵Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France, ⁶Department of Gastroenterology, APHP Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France, ⁷Department of Gastroenterology, APHP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France, ⁸Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Amiens, Amiens, France, ⁹INSERM, Unité 1160, Paris, France

¹Gastroenterology Department, CHRU Lille, Lille, France, ²Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Lisbona, Portugal, ³Department of Gastreonterology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, ⁴Department of Gastroenterology, St. Marks Academic Institute, London, UK, ⁵Department of Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, ⁶Department of Gastroenterology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, ⁷Department of Gastroenterology, Brown Block Mater Dei, Msida, Malta, ⁸Department of Gastroenterology, Universitu of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania, ⁹Department of Gastroenterology, Nicosia Private Practice, Nicosia, Cyprus, ¹⁰Department of Gastroenterology, Ioannina, Greece, ¹¹Department of Gastroenterology, Zagreb, Croatia, ¹²Department of Gastroenterology, Dublin, Ireland, ¹³Department of Gastroenterology, Slagelse, Denmark, ¹⁴Department of Gastroenterology, Hull, London, UK, ¹⁵Department of Gastroenterology, Copenhagen, Denmark, ¹⁶Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK, ¹⁷Department of Gastroenterology, Padova, Italy, ¹⁸Department of Gastroenterology, Prague, Czech Republic, ¹⁹Department of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai, New York, USA, ²⁰Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France

¹Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Tel-HaShomer Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel, ²Department of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA, ³Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

¹The Dr Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA, ²School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden, ³Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

¹Department of Gastroenterology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, ²Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, ³Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, ⁴Department of Gastroenterology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, ⁵Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

¹University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ²Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK, ³Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ⁴Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ⁵NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ⁶IBD Unit, St Marks Hospital, London, UK, ⁷Gastroenterology Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, ⁸Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ⁹Human Nutrition- School of Medicine- Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, ¹⁰Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, ¹¹MRC, Health Data Research UK, Birmingham, UK

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre - Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ²Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ³Centre for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ⁴Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ⁵Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre - Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

¹Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, TARGID, Leuven, Belgium, ²Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ³Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals - Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark, ²Gastrounit- Medical Division, Amager Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark, ³Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

¹i3S – Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Immunology- Cancer and Glycomedicine Group, Porto, Portugal, ²Department of Gastroenterology, Porto Centre Hospital, Porto, Portugal

¹Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, ²Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, ³Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, ⁴Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

¹Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing - TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ²Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute, Norwich, UK, ³Korcsmaros Group, Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK, ⁴Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ⁵Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium