¹Stockport Foundation NHS Trust, Gastroenterology, Stockport, UK, ²Macclesfield District General Hospital, Gastroenterology, Macclesfield, UK, ³Royal Blackburn Hospital, Gastroenterology, Blackburn, UK

¹Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Gastroenterology Ambulatory Unit, Newport, UK

¹Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital, Department of Clinicla Science, Stockholm, Sweden, ²GHP Stockholm Gastro Center, Stockholm, Sweden

¹Great Ormond Street Hospital, Gastroenterology, London, UK

¹Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands, ²Massachusetts General Hospital, Molecular Biology, Boston, MA, USA, ³Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA, ⁴Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands, ⁵Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Pediatrics, Groningen, The Netherlands

¹Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA

¹University of Valencia, Pharmacology, Valencia, Spain, ²Hospital Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain, ³University of Valencia, Medicine, Valencia, Spain

¹Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Immunology, Cancer and GlycoMedicine, Porto, Portugal, ²Medical Faculty, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Porto, Portugal, ³Porto Centre Hospital, Gastroenterology, Porto, Portugal

¹Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, ²IWK Center, Halifax, Canada, ³University Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, ⁴Schneider Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel, ⁵Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel, ⁶Meyer Hospital, Haifa, Israel, ⁷Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel, ⁸Dana Childrens Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel, ⁹HaEmek Hospital, Afula, Israel, ¹⁰French Hospital, Nazareth, Israel, ¹¹Poriah Hospital, Tiberias, Israel, ¹²Hadassah Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel, ¹³Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, ¹⁴Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada

¹University Hospital Zurich, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland, ²Bern University Hospital, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine Bern, Switzerland, ³University Hospital Zurich, Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴University of Bern, Maurice Müller Laboratories, Bern, Switzerland

¹Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK, ²Quadram Institute, Norwich, UK, ³Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, ⁴KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium, ⁵University of Liverpool, National Institute of Health Research, Liverpool, UK, ⁶School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

¹Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ²Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, ³University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, ⁴Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia, ⁵University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium, ⁶Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland, ⁷University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany, ⁸University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, ⁹Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea, ¹⁰University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Hospital l’Archet, Nice, France, ¹¹Zymo Consulting Group, Newtown Square, PA, USA, ¹²Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA, ¹³Shire, Zug, Switzerland, ¹⁴Shire, Lexington, MA, USA, ¹⁵University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

¹University Hospital of Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, ²Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain, ³Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, USA, ⁴Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, USA, ⁵University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium, ⁶Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, ⁷Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA, ⁸University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA

¹Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Gastroenterology, Norwich, UK, ²The Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Programs, Norwich, UK, ³Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, ⁴Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK, ⁵KU Leuven,, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium, ⁶Eötvös Loránd, Department of Genetics, Budapest, Hungary, ⁷University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK, ⁸University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium

¹KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), Leuven, Belgium, ²KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium, ³KU Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium

¹Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University, General-, Visceral-, Vascular- and Transplantation Surgery, Munich, Germany, ²Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Laboratory Medicine, Munich, Germany, ³Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilian University, Medicine II, Munich, Germany

¹Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, USA

¹University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA, ²University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany, ³University of Washington, Seattle, USA, ⁴Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, ⁵Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Clinique, Nice, France; Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France, ⁶AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, USA, ⁷Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA

¹North Zealand University Hospital, Frederikssund, Denmark, ²Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel, ³Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel, ⁴University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, ⁵Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, ⁶Amiens University and Hospital, Amiens, France, ⁷Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, ⁸Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal, ⁹Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, ¹⁰Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, ¹¹Imperial College London, London, UK, ¹²Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark, ¹³State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of, ¹⁴Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padova, Italy, ¹⁵Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain, ¹⁶Morgagni Hospital, Forli, Italy, ¹⁷Careggi Regional Referral Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Florence, Italy, ¹⁸University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece, ¹⁹Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, ²⁰National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, ²¹Herning Hospital, Herning, Denmark, ²²Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta, ²³Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia, ²⁴University of Medicine ‘Victor Babes’, Timisoara, Romania, ²⁵American Gastroenterology center, Nicosia, Cyprus, ²⁶Slagelse Hospital, Department of medicine, Denmark, ²⁷Regional Hospital of Viborg, Viborg, Denmark, ²⁸Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, ²⁹Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull, UK, ³⁰Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

¹University College London Hospitals, London, UK, ²Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ³University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK, ⁴Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital, Shrewsbury, UK, ⁵St Vincent’s University Hospital, Centre for Colorectal Disease, Dublin, Ireland, ⁶Sublimity Therapeutics, Solana Beach, USA