¹Ludger Ltd., Abingdon, UK, ²University of Oxford, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK, ³Utrecht University, Division of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ⁴University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK, ⁵Örebro University, Department of Gastroenterology, Örebro, Sweden, ⁶Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, ⁷Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands

¹University of Oxford, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK, ²Changi General Hospital, SingHealth, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Singapore, Singapore, ³GlaxoSmithKline, Experimental Medicine Unit, Stevenage, UK

¹Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany, ²University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany, ³Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, ⁴Max-Planck Institute for Evolutinary Biology, Kiel, Germany, ⁵University Hospital Carl-Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

¹Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany, ²Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Gastroenterologie, Erlangen, Germany, ³Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

¹Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, ²Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, ³Swedish Metabolomics Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, ⁴Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Tromsø, Norway

¹Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, Richmond, USA

¹Dizal (Jiangsu) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China, ²Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia, ³Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia, ⁴La Trobe University, School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Australia

¹Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Immunobiology, London, UK, ²GlaxoSmithKline, Immunoinflammation Unit, Stevenage, UK

¹University Hospital Zurich, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland, ²University of Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland

¹Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, London, UK, ²IBD Unit, Presidio Columbus, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy, ³Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and 4St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, ⁴Department of Histopathology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK, ⁵Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Immunobiology, London, UK

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

¹Nantes University Hospital, UMR Inserm 1235 – TENS, Gastroenterology department, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France, ²Nantes University Hospital, Pathology department, Nantes, France, ³Nantes University Hospital, Digestive surgery department, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France, ⁴Nantes University Hospital, CIC, INSERM 1413, Nantes, France

¹University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ²University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands, ³University Hospital Zurich, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴University of Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands, ⁵University of Zurich, Institute of Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁶Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland

¹IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Department of Gastroenterology, Barcelona, Spain, ²Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Department of Gastroenterology, Terrassa, Spain

¹KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium, ²KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium, ³University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium

¹Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel, Germany, ²Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, ³Department of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany, ⁴Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany, ⁵Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany, ⁶Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany, ⁷Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, ⁸Basque Foundation for Science, BioCruces Health Research Institute and IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain, ⁹Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, ¹¹Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania, ¹²Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, KIel, Germany, ¹³Department of Gastroenterology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

¹Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK, ²Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Gastroenterology, Leeds, UK

¹University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ²Catholic University Leuven, Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Leuven, Belgium, ³Erasmus MC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, ⁴Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aarhus, Denmark, ⁵Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, IBD Unit, Hull, UK, ⁶University of Hull and York, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK, ⁷St. Marks Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK, ⁸Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg – Campus Sint-Jan, Department of Gastroenterology, Genk, Belgium, ⁹Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, London, UK, ¹⁰St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Dublin, Ireland, ¹¹Hôpital Rangueil, Department of Gastroenterology, Toulouse, France, ¹²CHU Lyon, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lyon, France, ¹³CHU UCL Namur, Université catholique de Louvain, Deparment of Gastroenterology, Yvoir, Belgium, ¹⁴Imeldaziekenhuis, Department of Gastroenterology, Bonheiden, Belgium, ¹⁵Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Department of Gastroenterology, Brussels, Belgium, ¹⁶Mariaziekenhuis Noord-Limburg, Department of Gastroenterology, Overpelt, Belgium, ¹⁷Faculty of Medicine and Health Orebro University, Department of Gastroenterology, Orebro, Sweden, ¹⁸Radboud UMC, Department of Gastroenterology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, ¹⁹Opernstrasse, Department of Gastroenterology, Kassel, Germany, ²⁰CHU Liège, Department of Gastroenterology, Liège, Belgium, ²¹Universiteit ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Department of Gastroenterology, Antwerpen, Belgium, ²²Military Medical Academy Belgrade, Department of Gastroenterology, Belgrade, Serbia, ²³Sint-Trudo Ziekenhuis, Department of Gastroenterology, St-Truiden, Belgium, ²⁴AZ Vesalius, Department of Gastroenterology, Tongeren, Belgium, ²⁵AZ Klina, Department of Gastroenterology, Brasschaat, Belgium, ²⁶AZ Groeninge, Department of Gastroenterology, Kortrijk, Belgium, ²⁷Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University Jerusalem, Digestive diseases institute, Jerusalem, Israel

¹University of Sheffield, Clinical Psychology Unit, Sheffield, UK, ²Crohn’s and Colitis UK, St Albans, UK, ³University of Sheffield, Academic Unit of Primary Medical Care, Sheffield, UK