¹Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, ²Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK, ³Oxford AHSN, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK

¹IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria, IBD Unit, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy, ²Ospedale S. Maria Nuova, Gastroenterology Unit, Reggio Emilia, Italy, ³University of L’Aquila, Gastroenterology Unit, L’Aquila, Italy, ⁴IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria, Rheumatology Unit, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy, ⁵Ospedale S. Maria Nuova, Rheumatology Department, Reggio Emilia, Italy

¹Royal London Hospital, Paediatric Gastroenterology, London, UK, ²Barts Health NHS Trust, Pathology, London, UK

¹Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pamplona, Spain, ²Hospital García Orcoyen, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Estella, Spain

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

¹Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, ²Inova Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, USA, ³Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

¹Faculty of Medicine-St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney Australia, Sydney, Australia, ²School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney Australia, Sydney, Australia, ³School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney Australia, Sydney, Australia

¹The Research Group of Gastrointestinal Disorders, 1The Hospital District of South OstroBothnia, Internal Medicine, Seinäjoki, Finland, ²Tampere University- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere, Finland, ³Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere, Finland, ⁴Tampere University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere, Finland

¹National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Department of Gastroenterology, Mexico City, Mexico, ²IBD Clinic- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrition, Gastroenterology, Mexico, Mexico

¹Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Gastroenterology, Santander- Cantabria, Spain, ²Sierrallana Hospital, Gastroenterology, Torrelavega-Cantabria, Spain

Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey, ²Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

¹Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes Cedex 1, France, ²Department of Gastroenterology, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France, ³Department of Gastroenterology, CHU d’Angers, Angers, France, ⁴Department of Biostatistics, CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes Cedex 1, France, ⁵Centre d’Investigation Clinique, CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes Cedex 1, France, ⁶Direction de la Recherche Clinique, CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes Cedex 1, France

¹Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Gastroenterology, Birmingham, UK, ²University of Birmingham, Gastroenterology, Birmingham, UK, ³Institute of Translational Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ⁴Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Gastroenterology, Birmingham, UK, ⁵Institute of Translational Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

¹Institute of Translational Medicine and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ²Institute for Biological Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, ³Cancer and Genomic Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ⁴University Department of Pathology, Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK

¹Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias, Department of Gastroenterology, Oviedo, Spain, ²Universidad de León, Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud, León, Spain, ³Hospital Universitario de León, Gastroenterology, León, Spain, ⁴Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain, ⁵Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias ISPA, Plataforma de Bioestadística y Epidemiología, Oviedo, Spain

¹University Hospital of Messina, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘G. Barresi’, Messina, Italy, ²University of Messina, Department of Economy, Messina, Italy, ³Giannina Gaslini Research Institute and Children Hospital, Pediatric Surgery Unit, Genova, Italy

¹Department of Pathology, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Torino, Italy, ²Pathology Unit, Forlì Hospital, Forlì, Italy, ³Pathology Unit, ASUITS Trieste, Trieste, Italy, ⁴Policlinico di Modena, Pathology Unit, Modena e Reggio Emilia University, Modena, Italy, ⁵ASST del Garda, Desenzano del Garda, Pathology Unit, Brescia, Italy, ⁶S. Leonardo Hospital, Castellammare di Stabia, Pathology Unit, Castellammare di Stabia, Italy, ⁷Spedali Civili di Brescia, Pathology Unit, Brescia, Italy

Department of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA