¹Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, ²Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany

¹Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel, ²School of Nutritional Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

¹Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Medicina, Madrid, Spain, ²Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Valladolid, Spain

¹Department of Pharmacology, University Of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, ²FISABIO, Hospital Dr.Peset, Valencia, Spain, ³Department of Medicine, University Of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, ⁴Hospital Manises, Surgery, Valencia, Spain, ⁵Hospital La Fe, Surgery, Valencia, Spain

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, ²Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark

¹Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ²Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ³Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ⁴Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Surgery Skåne University Hospital Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, ²Pharmacyl AB, Preclinical Research, Bjärred, Sweden

¹University of Glasgow, Human Nutrition, Glasgow, UK, ²University of Glasgow, Infection- Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK, ³University of Glasgow, School of Engineering, Glasgow, UK, ⁴Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS, Paediatric gastroenterology, Glasgow, UK

¹Algarve University Hospital Centre, Gastroenterology Department – Portimão Unit, Portimão, Portugal, ²ABC – Algarve Biomedical Centre, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal, ³São João University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Porto, Portugal, ⁴University of Porto, Institute of Investigation and Inovation in Health i3S, Porto, Portugal, ⁵Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto Ipatimup, Porto, Portugal, ⁶University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health- section of Pathology, Verona, Italy, ⁷Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Porto, Portugal, ⁸University of Porto, Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal, ⁹Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Porto, Portugal, ¹⁰MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal, ¹¹São João University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Porto, Portugal

¹University Hospital Santiago De Compostela CHUS, Fundación IDIS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain, ²University Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Resonancia Magnética, Cactus, Riaidt, Spain, ³University Hospital Santiago De Compostela CHUS, Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain

INSERM, Pierre and Marie Curie University, CRSA UMRS_938 Team Microbiota Intestine and Inflammation, Paris, France

¹’Agia Sofia’ Children’s Hospital of Athens, Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece, ²417 Veterans Administration Hospital NIMTS, Department of Pathology, Athens, Greece, ³National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece, ⁴Dessau Medical Center, Medical School Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau, Germany, ⁵National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Athens, Greece, ⁶Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pathology, Athens, Greece, ⁷National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Aretaieion University Hospital, Second Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP/EPM, Discipline of Gastroenterology, Sao Paulo, Brazil, ²Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP/EPM, Pathology, Sao Paulo, Brazil, ³Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, São Vicente, Brazil, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP/EPM, Discipline of Gastroenterology, Sao Paulo, Brazil, ²Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil, ³Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP/EPM, Electron Microscopy Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil

¹Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece, ²Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, ³University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece, ⁴GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

¹King’s College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing- Midwifery and Palliative Care, London, UK, ²University of Wolverhampton, Research Department, Wolverhampton, UK, ³The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Gastroenterology, Wolverhampton, UK, ⁴Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Gastroenterology, Leeds, UK, ⁵Wolverhampton University, Psychology, Wolverhampton, UK, ⁶Bath University, Psychology, Bath, UK

¹Earlham Institute, Ecosystems and organisms, Norwich, UK, ²Quadram Institute, Gut Microbes and Health, Norwich, UK, ³Kings College London, Centre for Inflammation and Cancer Immunology, London, UK, ⁴Kings College London, Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, London, UK, ⁵Imperial College London, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, London, UK

¹IBDome-DE Investigators, 1Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany, ²Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany, ³New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016, New York, USA

¹University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Leuven, Belgium, ²University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ³KU Leuven, CHROMETA – Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany