¹Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, USA, ²Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA, ³Novo Nordisk, Inc., Princeton, USA, ⁴Hôpital Saint-Louis, Dpt. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Paris, France

¹Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto, Portugal, ²Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, ³Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ⁴Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Department of Gastroenterology, Porto, Portugal, ⁵Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, ⁶Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal

¹University Hospital Tuebingen, Internal Medicine I, Tuebingen, Germany, ²Universtiy Hosptial Tuebingen, Internal Medicine VIII, Tuebingen, Germany, ³Universtiy of Laval, Department for Medicine, Quebec, Canada, ⁴Defensin Therapeutics, Copenhagen, Denmark

¹State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations of FMBA, Department of Microbiology, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, ²North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Department of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, ³Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, ⁴Institute of Toxicology of FMBA, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, ⁵Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, ⁶Almazov Federal Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

¹KU Leuven, The Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), Leuven, Belgium, ²UZ Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ³KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium

¹UniversityHospital of Zurich, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland, ²University of Bern, Department of Clinical Research Gastroenterology and Mucosal Immunology, Bern, Switzerland, ³Lausanne University Hospital, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland, ⁴Klinik Hirslanden, Center of Gastroenterology, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁵Gastroenterology Bethanien, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁶Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁷UniversityHospital of Zurich, Hematology and Oncology, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁸Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern, Switzerland, ⁹Clinic Barmelweid, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Barmelweid, Switzerland

¹Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, ²Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, ³Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK, ⁴School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, ⁵Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, ⁶Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK, ⁷Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universitaet, Berlin, Germany, ⁸Department of Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, ⁹Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK

¹Peking University People's Hopital, Gastroenterology, Beijing, China, ²Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China

¹University of Liverpool, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Liverpool, UK, ²Maastricht University, Internal Medicine, section of Gastroenterology, Maastricht, The Netherlands, ³University of Glasgow, Infrastructure and Environment, Glasgow, UK, ⁴University of Liverpool, Functional and Comparative Genomics, Liverpool, UK, ⁵Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK

¹Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK, ²Imperial College London, Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, London, UK

¹Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Digestive Disease Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain, ²Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago De Compostela, Spain, ³Hospital Universitari La Fe, Valencia, Spain, ⁴Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain, ⁵Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain, ⁶Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’ Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain, ⁷Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain

¹Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation, ²Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation, ³Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation, ⁴Federal Research Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation, ⁵Republican Clinical Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Kazan, Russian Federation, ⁶Central State Medical Academy, Moscow, Russian Federation

¹Juntendo University School of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Tokyo, Japan, ²Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Gastroenterology, Chiba, Japan

¹Juntendo University, Gastroenterology, Tokyo, Japan, ²Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan

Mimetas BV, Leiden, The Netherlands

Peking University First Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing, China

¹Akershus University Hospital, Akershus, Norway, ²Genetic Analysis, 0510 Oslo, Norway, ³Orebro University, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Healthy, Orebro, Sweden, ⁴Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, ⁵University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway

¹Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation, ²Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation, ³Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation, ⁴Federal Research Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation, ⁵Republican Clinical Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Kazan, Russian Federation

¹Akershus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Lørenskog, Norway, ²University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway, ³Akershus University Hospital, Health Services Research Unit, Lørenskog, Norway, ⁴Akershus University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Lørenskog, Norway