¹University Hospital Zürich, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zürich, Switzerland, ²ETH Zurich, Department for Food and Nutrition, Zurich, Switzerland

¹Yeungnam University, College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsan, South Korea, ²Hanyang University, College of Pharmacy, Ansan, South Korea

¹National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, ²Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, ³Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, USA Minor Outlying Islands, ⁴Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

¹Lille University North of France; INSERM U995, Lille, France; CHRU Lille, Department of Surgery, Claude Huriez Hospital, Lille, France, Lille, France, ²Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France, ³Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille 2, Lille, France

¹Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA, ²Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, USA

¹University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Madison, USA, ²Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, USA, ³Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Cambridge, USA

¹KU Leuven, Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium, ²University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ³KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Complex Genetics, Leuven, Belgium

¹Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Cités, UPD Univ Paris 05, INSERM, CNRS, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR_S1138, Paris, France, ²Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06,, INSERM ERL 1157, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, École normale supérieure, DHU I2B, Paris, France, ³Sorbonne Universités, AP-HP, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France, ⁴École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, Department of Chemistry, Paris, France, ⁵EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France

¹Karolinska Institute, Center for Infectious Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden, ²Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm, Sweden, ³Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Stockholm, Sweden

Amgen Inc., Biosimilars, Thousand Oaks, USA

¹St. Marks Hospital, Gastroenterology, London, UK, ²Imperial College London, London, UK, ³St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia, ⁴St Mark's Academic Institute, Surgical Epidemiology, Trials and Outcomes Unit (SETOC), London, UK, ⁵St Mark's Academic Institute, Gastroenterology, London, UK

¹Uliege, GIGA-R Translational Gastroenterology, Liège, Belgium, ²CHU de Liège, Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Liège, Belgium, ³Uliege, Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Chemistry, Liège, Belgium

¹Roskilde University, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde, Denmark, ²National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, ³University of the Faroe Islands, Department of Health Sciences, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, ⁴National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Department of Medicine, Torshavn, Faroe Islands, ⁵University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Cell Biology, Farmington, USA, ⁶University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Immunology, Farmington, USA

Linköping University Hospital, Clinical Chemistry, Linköping, Sweden

¹University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Neurofarba, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Florence, Italy, ²University of Pisa, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Pisa, Italy

¹CHA University, Department of Gastroenterology, Seongnam, South Korea, ²CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, Seongnam, South Korea

¹Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, ²Baghdad University, College of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Baghdad, Iraq

¹Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital, Gastroenterology, Huelva, Spain, ²Infanta Elena Hospital, Gastroenterology, Huelva, Spain

¹University of Oxford, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK, ²Experimental Medicine Unit, GSK, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK

¹Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece, ²Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece, ³Democritus University of Thrace, First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece, ⁴Democritus University of Thrace, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece, ⁵Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany