¹The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, China, ²the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China, ³Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, ⁴Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, USA, ⁵Sun Yat-Sen University, School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Guangzhou, China, ⁶Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

¹Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, ²Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Microbiology, Seoul, South Korea, ³The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Internal Medicine, Suwon, South Korea, ⁴Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, ⁵South Texas Center of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biology, San Antonio, USA

¹Hvidovre University Hospital, The Paediatric Department, Hvidovre, Denmark, ²Statens Serum Institut, The Department for Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Copenhagen, Denmark, ³Nordsjaellands Hospital, The Paediatric Department, Hilleroed, Denmark, ⁴Hvidovre University Hospital, The GastroUnit, Hvidovre, Denmark

¹University Medical Center Utrecht, Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ²University Medical Center Utrecht, Department Medical Microbiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ³Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands, ⁴Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ede, The Netherlands, ⁵University Medical Center Utrecht, Department Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands

¹Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Gastroenterology, Porto, Portugal, ²Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Infectious Diseases, Porto, Portugal

¹Beingpharma, Milan, Italy, ²AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy, ³Università degli studi di Milano, Defens, Milano, Italy

¹University Hospital, Gastroenterology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, ²Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

¹Sheba Medical Center, Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan, Israel, ²KU Leuven, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium, ³University of Zurich, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁴Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hull, UK, ⁵IBD Unit, Complesso Integrato Columbus, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Università Cattolica, internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Rome, Italy, ⁶Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine I, Berlin, Germany, ⁷LNWH ST MARKS HOSPITAL, Harrow, UK, ⁸Tel Aviv Medical Ceter, IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv, Israel, ⁹Hospital Lüneburg, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Lüneburg, Germany, ¹⁰CHU de Saint-Etienne, Gastroenterology, Saint-Etiennne, France, ¹¹Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Digestive diseases Institute, Jerusalem, Israel, ¹²ASST Fatebenefratelli - Sacco, Milan, Italy, ¹³Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland, ¹⁴Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, Gatroenterology, Milan, Italy, ¹⁵Nancy University Hospital, Université de Lorraine, Hepatogastroenterology, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France, ¹⁶Imelda GI Clinical Research Center, Gastroenterology, Bonheiden, Belgium, ¹⁷Rabin Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Petach Tikva, Israel, ¹⁸Evaggelismos Hospital, Gastroenterology, Athens, Greece, ¹⁹Humanitas Gradenigo, Gastroenterology, Turin, Italy, ²⁰University of Ioannina, Gastroenterology, Ioannina, Greece, ²¹Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge, UK, ²²Helsinki University Central Hospital - Meilahti Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Helsinki, Finland, ²³Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Center, Rozzano, Italy

¹University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Leuven, Belgium, ²Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, ³Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd., Evidence and Value Generation, London, UK, ⁴Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland, ⁵Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, ⁶Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy, France

¹Hopital Erasme, ULB, Department of Gastroenterology, Brussels, Belgium, ²Université libre de bruxelles, Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Brussels, Belgium, ³University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ⁴KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium, ⁵Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sart-Tilman, ULG, Department of Gastroenterology, Liège, Belgium, ⁶Universiteit ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Department of Gastroenterology, Antwerpen, Belgium, ⁷Universitair ziekenhuis Gent, Department of Gastroenterology, Gent, Belgium, ⁸AZ Groeninge, department of Gastroenterology, Kortrijk, Belgium, ⁹Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mont-Godinne, UCL, Department of Gastroenterology, Yvoir, Belgium, ¹⁰Imeldaziekenhuis, Department of Gastroenterology, Bonheiden, Belgium, ¹¹Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, Department of Gastroenterology, Antwerpen, Belgium, ¹²Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg - Campus Sint-Jan, Department of Gastroenterology, Genk, Belgium, ¹³GZA Sint-Vincentius ziekenhuis, Department of Gastroenterology, Antwerpen, Belgium, ¹⁴Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Lucas, Department of Gastroenterology, Gent, Belgium, ¹⁵Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint-Lucas, Department of Gastroenterology, Brugge, Belgium, ¹⁶AZ Delta, Department of gastroenterology, Roeselare-Menen, Belgium

¹Imelda General Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium, ²Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Medical Clinic 1, Erlangen, Germany, ³Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Madrid, Spain, ⁴Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain, ⁵Service de Gastroentérologie et Nutrition Clinique, Nice, France, ⁶Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France, ⁷University of North Carolina, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chapel Hill, USA, ⁸University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA, ⁹Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK, ¹⁰AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, USA, ¹¹AbbVie Deutschland GmbH and Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany, ¹²Mayo Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, USA

¹Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chicago, USA, ²Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, USA, ³Takeda International - UK Branch, London, UK, ⁴University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology, Leuven, Belgium

¹University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, USA, ²Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA, ³Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA, ⁴Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA, ⁵Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA, ⁶Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA, ⁷Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA, ⁸New York University (NYU), New York, USA, ⁹North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, USA, ¹⁰Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, USA, ¹¹University of Mississippi, Jackson, USA

¹University of Szeged, First Department of Medicine, Szaged, Hungary, ²University of Szeged, First Department of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary, ³Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary, ⁴University of Debrecen, 2nd Department of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary, ⁵Hungarian Defence Force Military Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Budapest, Hungary, ⁶University of Pécs, 1st Department of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary, ⁷Uversity of Szeged, First Department of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary, ⁸Markusovszky Teaching Hospital, Szombathely, Hungary, ⁹University of Debrecen, 2nd Department of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary, ¹⁰Balassa János Hospital, Szekszárd, Hungary, ¹¹Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary

¹Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, ²Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, ³Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA, ⁴Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA, ⁵Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA, ⁶Mayo Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, USA, ⁷Division of Digestive Diseases, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, USA, ⁸Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA, ⁹Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Goryeb Children’s Hospital, Morristown, USA, ¹⁰Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, ¹¹Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, ¹²Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland, ¹³Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK, ¹⁴AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, USA, ¹⁵AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany, ¹⁶Abbvie, Inc., North Chicago, USA, ¹⁷Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

¹Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA, ²Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA, ³Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA, ⁴Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA, ⁵University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, USA, ⁶Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA, ⁷Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA, ⁸New York University (NYU), New York, USA, ⁹North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, USA, ¹⁰Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, USA, ¹¹University of Mississippi, Jackson, USA

¹Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Department of Endoscopy, Rome, Italy, ²Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Tel Hashomer, Israel, ³Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA, ⁴Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, ⁵Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel

¹University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands, ²The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China, ³University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Groningen, The Netherlands, ⁴Riken, Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan, ⁵Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seoul, South Korea, ⁶Riken, Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan, ⁷Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seoul, South Korea

¹Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Genetics and Genomics Sciences, New York, USA, ²Janssen R&D, Spring House, USA, ³Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Gastroenterology, New York, USA, ⁴Bristo-Myers Squibb, Hopewell, USA

University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland