¹King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK, ²King's College London, Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, London, UK, ³King's College London, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, London, UK, ⁴King's College London, Department of Nutritional Sciences, London, UK, ⁵Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK, ⁶Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK, ⁷King's College Londom, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK

¹Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Medicine, Umeå, Sweden, ²Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå, Sweden

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ²Imelda General Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Bonheiden, Belgium, ³Pentax Medical, Product Development Department, Tokyo, Japan, ⁴ Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

¹Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, ²Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, ³ Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

¹Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea

¹ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, General and Emergency Surgery, Bergamo, Italy, ²ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Bergamo, Italy

¹The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou, China, ²Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

¹IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopic Unit, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy, ²Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, ³IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy, ⁴IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy, ⁵Gastroenterology Unit, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy, ⁶Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopic Unit, Ospedale Morgagni Pierantoni, Forlì, Italy, ⁷Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, I Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany, ⁸Gastroenterology Division, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy, ⁹Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, Milan, Italy

¹Bern University Hospital, Gastroenterology, Bern, Switzerland, ²Bern University Hospital, University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bern, Switzerland, ³Bern University Hospital, Maurice E Müller Laboratories, Bern, Switzerland

¹Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain, ²Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Clinical Analysis Department, Madrid, Spain, ³Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Madrid, Spain

¹BÜHLMANN Laboratories AG, Schoenenbuch, Switzerland, ²Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Porto, Portugal

¹Tzaneion General Hospital of Piraeus, Department of Gastroenterology, Piraeus, Greece, ²School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Athens, Greece, ³School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece, ⁴School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Gastroenterology Unit, 2 Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece

¹Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ²Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ³Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

¹Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Gastroenterology, Loures, Portugal, ²Mater Dei Hospital, Malta, Malta, ³Faculty of Sciences of Lisbon University, Lisboa, Portugal, ⁴Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Lisboa, Portugal, ⁵Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisboa, Portugal, ⁶Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal, ⁷Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal, ⁸Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal, ⁹Hospital da Senhora de Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães, Portugal, ¹⁰Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal

¹Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

¹Instituto Hospital de Base, Coloproctology, Brasilia, Brazil, ²Instituto Hospital de Base, Nuclear Medicine, Brasília, Brazil, ³Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, Rheumatology, Brasilia, Brazil, ⁴Instituto Hospital de Base, Pathology, Brasilia, Brazil

¹Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy, ²IBD Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, ³Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy, ⁴Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, ⁵Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

¹Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, ²St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, UK, ³Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain

¹IBD Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Gastroenterology, Mexico, Mexico, ²National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Sub-direction of Clinical Research, Mexico, Mexico, ³Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Psychiatry, Mexico, Mexico

¹Kazan State Medical University, Hospital Therapy, Kazan, Russian Federation, ²Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Science Center, Kazan, Russian Federation, ³Kazan State Medical University, Hospital therapy, Kazan, Russian Federation