¹University of Cambridge, Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, ²The Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Norwich, UK, ³Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK, ⁴Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK, ⁵University Hospitals, Department of Gastroenterology Norfolk and Norwich, Norwich, UK, ⁶KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Leuven, The Netherlands, ⁷University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, The Netherlands, ⁸Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Genetics, Budapest, Hungary

¹Blizard Institute, QMUL, Immunobiology, London, UK, ²Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK

¹Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain, ²Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain, ³Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

¹Charité Universitätsmedizin, Department of Gastroenterology, Berlin, Germany

¹Rijnstate Crohn and Colitis Centre, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arnhem, The Netherlands, ²Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Pathology, Arnhem, The Netherlands, ³Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arnhem, The Netherlands

¹QMUL, Blizard Institute, London, UK

¹St.Vincent's University Hospital, Center for Colorectal Disease, Dublin, Ireland, ²University College Dublin, Conway Institute, Dublin, Ireland, ³University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland, ⁴University of Groningen, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands

¹Peking University First Hospital, Gastroenterology, Beijing, China

¹Linköping University, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden

¹Pfizer, Groton, CT, USA, ²Shire, Zug, Switzerland

¹Jagiellonian University Medical College, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Cracow, Poland, ²Jagiellonian University Medical College, Integrated Dentistry, Cracow, Poland

¹The University of Nottingham, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK, ²The University of Nottingham, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, UK

¹St Marks Hospital, Gastroenterology, Harrow, UK, ²Imperial College London, London, UK, ³Hillingdon Hospital, Gastroenterology, Hillingdon, UK

¹University of Nottingham, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, Nottingham, UK, ²University of Nottingham, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK

¹Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo, Japan, ²Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

¹Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK, ²Quadram Institute, Norwich, UK, ³KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Leuven, Belgium

¹Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

¹Humanitas Research Hospital, IBD Centre, Milan, Italy, ²Department of Chemistry ‘Giacomo Ciamician’, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy, ³Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

¹TU Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden, Germany, ²University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Pathology, Kiel, Germany, ³The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain, ⁴University Hospital Carl-Gustav Carus, Department of Internal Medicine I, Dresden, Germany

¹Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Berlin, Germany