¹University Hospital Zurich, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland, ²Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cambridge, USA, ³Pharmabiome, Zurich, Switzerland

¹CSK Mswia, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantation, Warsaw, Poland, ²Mossakowski Medical Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Warsaw, Poland

¹Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea

¹Health Institute Pere Virgili, Hospital Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain, ²Hospital Joan XXIII, Colorectal Surgery Unit, Tarragona, Spain, ³Hospital Joan XXIII, Digestive Unit, Tarragona, Spain, ⁴Hospital Vall Hebrón, Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Barcelona, Spain

¹King’s College London, School of Immunology and Microbial sciences, London, UK, ²Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

¹Immutep, Orsay, France

¹Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK, ²Quadram Institute, Norwich, UK, ³Catholic University of Leuven, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium, ⁴University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK

¹Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, ²Immunopathology Group, Mater Research Institute – The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia, ³Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

¹Ludger Ltd., Abingdon, UK, ²University of Oxford, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK, ³Utrecht University, Division of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ⁴University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK, ⁵Örebro University, Department of Gastroenterology, Örebro, Sweden, ⁶Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, ⁷Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands

¹University of Oxford, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford, UK, ²Changi General Hospital, SingHealth, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Singapore, Singapore, ³GlaxoSmithKline, Experimental Medicine Unit, Stevenage, UK

¹Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany, ²University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany, ³Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, ⁴Max-Planck Institute for Evolutinary Biology, Kiel, Germany, ⁵University Hospital Carl-Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

¹Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany, ²Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Gastroenterologie, Erlangen, Germany, ³Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

¹Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, ²Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, ³Swedish Metabolomics Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, ⁴Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Tromsø, Norway

¹Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, Richmond, USA

¹Dizal (Jiangsu) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China, ²Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia, ³Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia, ⁴La Trobe University, School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Australia

¹Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Immunobiology, London, UK, ²GlaxoSmithKline, Immunoinflammation Unit, Stevenage, UK

¹University Hospital Zurich, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland, ²University of Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland

¹Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, London, UK, ²IBD Unit, Presidio Columbus, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy, ³Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute and 4St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, ⁴Department of Histopathology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK, ⁵Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Immunobiology, London, UK

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan