¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP/EPM, Discipline of Gastroenterology, Sao Paulo, Brazil, ²Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP/EPM, Pathology, Sao Paulo, Brazil, ³Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, São Vicente, Brazil, Biosciences Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP/EPM, Discipline of Gastroenterology, Sao Paulo, Brazil, ²Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil, ³Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Escola Paulista de Medicina UNIFESP/EPM, Electron Microscopy Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil

¹Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece, ²Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, ³University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece, ⁴GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

¹King’s College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing- Midwifery and Palliative Care, London, UK, ²University of Wolverhampton, Research Department, Wolverhampton, UK, ³The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Gastroenterology, Wolverhampton, UK, ⁴Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Gastroenterology, Leeds, UK, ⁵Wolverhampton University, Psychology, Wolverhampton, UK, ⁶Bath University, Psychology, Bath, UK

¹Earlham Institute, Ecosystems and organisms, Norwich, UK, ²Quadram Institute, Gut Microbes and Health, Norwich, UK, ³Kings College London, Centre for Inflammation and Cancer Immunology, London, UK, ⁴Kings College London, Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, London, UK, ⁵Imperial College London, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, London, UK

¹IBDome-DE Investigators, 1Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany, ²Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany, ³New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016, New York, USA

¹University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Abdominal Surgery, Leuven, Belgium, ²University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ³KU Leuven, CHROMETA – Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Leuven, Belgium

University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research and Translational Research Center, Erlangen, Germany

Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Gastroenterology, Tokyo, Japan

¹The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou, China, ²The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong, China

¹Weill Cornell Medicine, Medicine, New York, USA, ²Cornell University, Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, USA

¹Orlowski Hospital, CPME, Department of General, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Warsaw, Poland, ²Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Warsaw, Poland, ³Institute of Oncology, Department of Oncological Gastroenterology, Warsaw, Poland, ⁴Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Department of Large Animal Diseases with the Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, ⁵Warsaw Agricultural University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

¹University of Florence, Clinical Gastroenterology Unit- Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, Firenze, Italy, ²KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders TARGID, Leuven, Belgium, ³KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium, ⁴KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium, ⁵University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ⁶University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Leuven, Belgium

¹National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Central clinical laboratory, Moscow, Russian Federation, ²National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gastroenterology Department with Hepatology Group, Moscow, Russian Federation

The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou, China

¹Earlham Institute, Organisms and Ecosystems, Norwich, UK, ²Quadram Institute, Gut Microbes and Health, Norwich, UK, ³KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders TARGID, Leuven, Belgium, ⁴BenevolentAI, Precision Medicine Team, London, UK, ⁵University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium

¹Earlham Institute, Organisms and Ecosystems, Norwich, UK, ²Quadram Institute Biosciences, Gut microbes and Health, Norwich, UK, ³University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich, UK, ⁴University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norwich, UK

¹Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany, ²PharMetrx, Graduate Research Training Program, Berlin, Germany, ³Universität Potsdam, Institute of Mathematics, Potsdam, Germany, ⁴Medical University of Vienna, Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria

¹Karolinska Institutet, Center for Infectious Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden, ²Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden, ³Linköping University, Department of Surgery, Norrköping, Sweden, ⁴Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden, ⁵Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Lyngby, Denmark, ⁶Linköping University, Department of Surgery, Linköping, Sweden

¹Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Digestive Diseases Department, Terrassa, Spain, ²Centro de Investigación biomédica en red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas CIBERehd, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain, ³Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Laboratori de Recerca. Fundació Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain, ⁴Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Department of Pathology, Terrassa, Spain