¹Department of Gastroenterology/Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, ²Department of Research, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, ³Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, ⁴The Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, ⁵Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, ⁶Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan

¹The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, ²Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

¹Department of Biology, ChemoCentryx, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA, ²Department of Chemistry, ChemoCentryx, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA

¹IDIBAPS, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Barcelona, Spain, ²Ciberehd, Bioinformatics, Barcelona, Spain, ³Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Gastroenterology, Barcelona, Spain, ⁴Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Bioinformatics, Hinxton, UK

Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Terrassa. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas CIBERehd, Gastroenterology Department, Terrassa, Spain

¹Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa IIS-IP, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas CIBERehd, Gastroenterology, Madrid, Spain, ²CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Derio, Spain, ³Biodonostia Research Institute. Donostia University Hospital and CIBERehd, Liver Diseases Group, San Sebastian, Spain

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea- Republic of, ²Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea- Republic of Korea

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano Milano, Italy, ²European Federation of Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis Associations, n/a, Brussels, Belgium, ³Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Medical Affairs Europe and Canada, Zurich, Switzerland

¹Medical Department of Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, ²Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany

¹Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel, ²School of Nutritional Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

¹Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Medicina, Madrid, Spain, ²Universidad de Valladolid, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Valladolid, Spain

¹Department of Pharmacology, University Of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, ²FISABIO, Hospital Dr.Peset, Valencia, Spain, ³Department of Medicine, University Of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, ⁴Hospital Manises, Surgery, Valencia, Spain, ⁵Hospital La Fe, Surgery, Valencia, Spain

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, ²Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark

¹Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ²Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ³Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ⁴Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Surgery Skåne University Hospital Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, ²Pharmacyl AB, Preclinical Research, Bjärred, Sweden

¹University of Glasgow, Human Nutrition, Glasgow, UK, ²University of Glasgow, Infection- Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK, ³University of Glasgow, School of Engineering, Glasgow, UK, ⁴Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS, Paediatric gastroenterology, Glasgow, UK

¹Algarve University Hospital Centre, Gastroenterology Department – Portimão Unit, Portimão, Portugal, ²ABC – Algarve Biomedical Centre, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal, ³São João University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Porto, Portugal, ⁴University of Porto, Institute of Investigation and Inovation in Health i3S, Porto, Portugal, ⁵Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto Ipatimup, Porto, Portugal, ⁶University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health- section of Pathology, Verona, Italy, ⁷Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, Porto, Portugal, ⁸University of Porto, Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal, ⁹Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Porto, Portugal, ¹⁰MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, MedInUP, Centre for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal, ¹¹São João University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Porto, Portugal

¹University Hospital Santiago De Compostela CHUS, Fundación IDIS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain, ²University Santiago de Compostela, Unidad de Resonancia Magnética, Cactus, Riaidt, Spain, ³University Hospital Santiago De Compostela CHUS, Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain

INSERM, Pierre and Marie Curie University, CRSA UMRS_938 Team Microbiota Intestine and Inflammation, Paris, France

¹’Agia Sofia’ Children’s Hospital of Athens, Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece, ²417 Veterans Administration Hospital NIMTS, Department of Pathology, Athens, Greece, ³National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Athens, Greece, ⁴Dessau Medical Center, Medical School Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau, Germany, ⁵National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Department of Physiology, Athens, Greece, ⁶Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pathology, Athens, Greece, ⁷National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Aretaieion University Hospital, Second Department of Surgery, Athens, Greece