¹Gastrointestinal Unit, Hvidovre Hospital- Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark, ²Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, ³Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark, ⁴Department of Medicine,- Hospital South West Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, ⁵Department of Gastroenterology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, ⁶Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, ⁷Takeda AS, Medical Affairs, Asker, Norway, ⁸Takeda Oy, Medical Affairs, Helsinki, Finland, ⁹Takeda Pharma AB, Medical Affairs, Stockholm, Sweden, ¹⁰Takeda A/S, Medical Affairs, Taastrup, Denmark, ¹¹Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, ¹²Gastrounit- Medical Division, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark

¹Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, ²Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, ³The Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, ⁴The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

¹Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ²Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ³Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ⁴Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ⁵Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, ⁶Department of General Internal Medicine, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

¹Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, ²Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC/Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ³Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands, ⁴Department of Paediatrics, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, ⁵Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Utrecht UMC/Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands, ⁶Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands, ⁷Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Zagreb Children’s Hospital, Zagreb, The Netherlands, ⁸Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Helsinki, Finland, ⁹Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, ¹⁰Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, ¹¹Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Den Bosch, The Netherlands, ¹²Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands, ¹³Laboratory of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

¹Applied Molecular Transport, Platform and Biology, South San Francisco, USA, ²Applied Molecular Transport, Clinical Development, South San Francisco, USA, ³Applied Molecular Transport, CEO, South San Francisco, USA

¹Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA, ²Department of Finch Therapeutics, Finch Therapeutics, Somerville, USA, ³SHINE Program, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, USA

¹Bio Lab, Voronoi Inc., Incheon, Korea Republic of, ²Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of, ³Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of, ⁴VoronoiBio Inc., In Vitro Efficacy Assessment, Incheon, Korea Republic of, ⁵Department of Business Development, Voronoi Inc., Incheon, Korea Republic of, ⁶Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of

¹Academic Medical Center AMC University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ²Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ³Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center AMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

¹Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, ²Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, ³Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway, ⁴Department of Molecular Biology, Swedish Metabolomics Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, ⁵The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Department of Biology, Protagonist Therapeutics, Newark, USA

¹NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Gastroenterology, Birmingham, UK, ²University Hospitals Birmingham, Pathology, Birmingham, UK, ³Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ⁴Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, ⁵Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

¹Department of System Toxicology, Philip Morris Products SA, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, ²Mimetas BV, Leiden, The Netherlands

¹Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany, ²Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany, ³Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany

¹Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences BKV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, ²Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, ³Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, ⁴Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, ⁵Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences BKV and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine WCMM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, ⁶Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences BKV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

¹Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece, ²GI Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, ³Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, ⁴University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece

¹Kliniczny Szpital Wojewodzki Nr 2 im. Sw. Krolowej Jadwigi w Rzeszowie, Klinika Gastroenterologii i Centralna Pracownia Endoskopii, Rzeszow, Poland, ²Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital 2- Rzeszów- Poland, Rzeszow, Poland, ³University of Rzeszow, Medical Faculty, Rzeszow, Poland

¹Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive System Medicine, General University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, ²Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty of Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

¹Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Gastroenterology Institute, Ramat gan, Israel, ²Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, ³Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Rheumatology Institute, Ramat gan, Israel

¹BioFarma Research Group, CIMUS Research Center and IDIS Health Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, ²Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Unit, University Hospital Santiago De Compostela CHUS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain

¹Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Immunobiology, Glasgow, UK, ²Medical Research Institute, QIMR Berghofer, Immunology in Cancer and Infection, Brisbane, Australia, ³Gastroenterology Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Gastroenterology, Glasgow, UK, ⁴Rankine Building,- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Microbial Informatics, Glasgow, UK, ⁵Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Ridgefield, USA