¹Peking University First Hospital, Gastroenterology, Beijing, China

¹Linköping University, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping, Sweden

¹Pfizer, Groton, CT, USA, ²Shire, Zug, Switzerland

¹Jagiellonian University Medical College, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Cracow, Poland, ²Jagiellonian University Medical College, Integrated Dentistry, Cracow, Poland

¹The University of Nottingham, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK, ²The University of Nottingham, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham, UK

¹St Marks Hospital, Gastroenterology, Harrow, UK, ²Imperial College London, London, UK, ³Hillingdon Hospital, Gastroenterology, Hillingdon, UK

¹University of Nottingham, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, Nottingham, UK, ²University of Nottingham, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK

¹Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo, Japan, ²Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

¹Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK, ²Quadram Institute, Norwich, UK, ³KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases, Leuven, Belgium

¹Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

¹Humanitas Research Hospital, IBD Centre, Milan, Italy, ²Department of Chemistry ‘Giacomo Ciamician’, Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy, ³Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

¹TU Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden, Germany, ²University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Pathology, Kiel, Germany, ³The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain, ⁴University Hospital Carl-Gustav Carus, Department of Internal Medicine I, Dresden, Germany

¹Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Berlin, Germany

¹University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium, ²KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium

¹Virginia Commonwealth University, Internal Medicine, Richmond, USA

¹Medical University Innsbruck, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Innsbruck, Austria, ²Medical University Innsbruck, Department for Internal Medicine I – Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Innsbruck, Austria, ³University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Innsbruck, Austria, ⁴University of Vienna, Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Vienna, Austria, ⁵University Halle, Institute of Biology – General Zoology, Halle (Saale), Germany

¹Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Genomics and Child Health, London, UK, ²Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, London, UK, ³Department of Histopathology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK, ⁴Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Immunobiology, London, UK

¹Austin Health, Gastroenterology, Heidelberg, Australia, ²St Vincent's Hospital, Immunology Research Centre, Fitzroy, Australia, ³Austin Academic Centre, University of Melbourne, Medicine, Heidelberg, Australia, ⁴University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, Australia, ⁵The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Parkville, Australia

¹Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Hangzhou, China, ²Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China, ³MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, and Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

¹Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department for Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany, ²Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany, ³Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department for Pathology, Berlin, Germany, ⁴Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department for Immunopathology, Berlin, Germany, ⁵Rotes Kreuz Krankenhaus, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Bremen, Germany