West China Hospital, Gastroenterology, Chengdu, China

Tel-HaShomer Sheba Medical Center Edmond and Lily Safra Childrens Hospital, Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Ramat-Gan, Israel

¹University of Colorado Denver, Mucosal Inflammation Program, Pediatrics, Aurora, USA, ²University of Colorado, Mucosal Inflammation Program, Pediatrics, Aurora, USA, ³Children’s Hospital Colorado, Pediatrics, Aurora, USA, ⁴University College Dublin, Pharmacology, Dublin, Ireland

¹Charité – University Medicine Berlin- CBF and German Rheumatism Research Center-Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany, ²Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Inflammatory Mechanisms Group, Berlin, Germany, ³Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Mass Cytometry Group, Berlin, Germany

¹Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Department of Gastroenterology, IIS-IP and CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain, ²Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Department of Gastroenterology, IIS-IP and CIBERehd. Departamento de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain, ³Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Department of Gastroenterology, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain, ⁴Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular IBGM, Mucosal Immunology Lab. Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC., Valladolid, Spain, ⁵Both authors had equal contribution, as senior authors, Madrid, Spain

¹Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark, ²University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zagreb, Croatia, ³University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department for Clinical Nutrition, Zagreb, Croatia

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, ²Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea, ³Laboratory of Intestinal Mucosa and Skin Immunology, SMG-SNU Boramae medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea, ⁴Division of Gastroenterology- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea

¹FIDIS, Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, ²University Hospital, Immunology Laboratory, Santiago, Spain, ³University Hospital Santiago De Compostela CHUS, Department of Gastroenterology- IBD Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain

Ewha Womans University, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹University of Glasgow, School of Medicine, Glasgow, UK, ²University of Glasgow, School of Engineering, Glasgow, UK, ³Royal Hospital for Children, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Glasgow, UK, ⁴Crosshouse Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Kilmarnock, UK, ⁵Wishaw General Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Wishaw, UK

¹Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Gastroenterology, New York, USA, ²Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Precision Immunology Institute, New York, USA, ³University of Cambridge, Medicine, Cambridge, UK, ⁴Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Population Health Science and Policy, New york, USA, ⁵Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Human Immune Monitoring Center, New York, USA, ⁶Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Genetics and Genomics, New York, USA, ⁷Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Medicine Gastroenterology, New York City, USA

¹University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Padova, Italy, ²University of Insubria, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Varese, Italy

¹Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Trondheim, Norway, ²St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Clinic of Medicine, Trondheim, Norway, ³St. Olav`s University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Medicine, Norway, Trondheim, Norway, ⁴Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway

¹Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Arnhem, The Netherlands, ²Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Pathology, Arnhem, The Netherlands, ³Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arnhem, The Netherlands

¹IIS Hospital la Fe, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Valencia, Spain, ²Biomedical Research Centre- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain, ³Hospital la Fe, Gastroenterology, Valencia, Spain, ⁴IIS Hospital la Fe, Biostatistics Unit, Valencia, Spain, ⁵Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, IBMCP. Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Valencia, Spain

¹Samsung Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Seoul, Republic of Korea, ²Samsung Medical Center, Gastroenterology, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹GSK, Adaptive Immunity Research Unit, Stevenage, UK, ²GSK, Innate Immunity Research Unit, Philadelphia, USA, ³GSK, In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, Ware, UK, ⁴GSK, 3In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, Ware, UK, ⁵GSK, Dmpk, Stevenage, UK

¹Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Trondheim, Norway, ²St. Olav’s University Hospital, Clinic of Medicine, Trondheim, Norway, ³Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, ⁴Linköping University, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences BVK, Linköping, Sweden, ⁵St. Olav’s University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, Trondheim, Norway, ⁶St. Olav’s University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Medicine-, Trondheim, Norway, ⁷Linköping University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linköping, Sweden

Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Terrassa. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas CIBERehd, Gastroenterology Department, Terrassa, Spain

¹Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark, ²University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zagreb, Croatia, ³University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department for Clinical Nutrition, Zagreb, Croatia